Aplikasi panduan linear dalam alat mesin
Sistem rel panduan membolehkan alat mesin memperoleh kelajuan suapan yang pantas. Dalam kes kelajuan gelendong yang sama, suapan pantas adalah ciri panduan linear. Panduan linear, seperti panduan rata, mempunyai dua elemen asas; satu sebagai panduan adalah elemen tetap, dan satu lagi adalah elemen bergerak. Memandangkan panduan linear ialah komponen standard, ia adalah untuk pengeluar alat mesin. Satu-satunya perkara yang perlu dilakukan ialah memproses satah rel pelekap dan melaraskan selari rel. Sudah tentu, untuk memastikan ketepatan alat mesin, sedikit pengikisan katil atau lajur adalah penting. Dalam kebanyakan kes, pemasangan agak mudah.
Compared with flat guide rails, the cross-sectional geometry of linear guide rails is more complicated than that of flat guide rails. The reason for the complexity is that grooves need to be machined on the guide rails to facilitate the movement of sliding elements. The shape and number of grooves depend on the machine tool to complete. Function. For example: a guide rail system that bears both linear force and subversive moment is compared with a guide rail that only bears linear force. The design is very different.
There is no intermediate medium between the moving element and the fixed element of the linear guide, but a rolling steel ball. Because the rolling steel ball is suitable for high-speed motion, has a small friction coefficient and high sensitivity, it can meet the working requirements of moving parts, such as the tool holder and carriage of the machine tool. The basic function of the fixed element (guide rail) of the linear guide system is like a bearing ring, and the bracket for mounting the steel ball is shaped like a "v". The bracket wraps the top and both sides of the rail. In order to support the working parts of the machine tool, a set of linear guide has at least four supports. Used to support large working parts, the number of brackets can be more than four.
When the working parts of the machine tool move, the steel balls circulate in the groove of the bracket, and the wear of the bracket is distributed to each steel ball, thereby prolonging the service life of the linear guide. In order to eliminate the gap between the bracket and the guide rail, the preload can improve the stability of the guide rail system and the preload can be obtained. It is to install an oversized steel ball between the guide rail and the bracket. The diameter tolerance of the steel ball is ±20 microns, with 0.5 micron increments. The steel balls are screened and classified and installed on the guide rails respectively. The size of the preload depends on the force acting on the steel balls. If the force acting on the steel ball is too large, the steel ball will withstand the preload for too long, which will increase the movement resistance of the bracket. There is a balance problem here; in order to improve the sensitivity of the system and reduce the movement resistance, the preload must be reduced accordingly, and in order to improve the movement accuracy and the retention of precision, it is required to have sufficient preload negative numbers, which are contradictory two. aspect.
If the working time is too long, the steel ball starts to wear out, and the preload on the steel ball starts to weaken, resulting in a decrease in the movement accuracy of the working parts of the machine tool. If you want to maintain the initial accuracy, you must replace the rail bracket, or even replace the rail. If the rail system has a preload effect. The accuracy of the system has been lost, and the only way is to replace the rolling elements.
Reka bentuk sistem rel panduan berusaha untuk mempunyai kawasan sentuhan terbesar antara elemen tetap dan elemen bergerak. Ini bukan sahaja meningkatkan kapasiti tampung sistem, tetapi juga sistem boleh menahan daya hentaman yang dihasilkan oleh pemotongan terputus-putus atau pemotongan graviti, menyebarkan daya secara meluas, dan mengembangkan kapasiti galas. Kawasan daya. Untuk mencapai matlamat ini, terdapat pelbagai bentuk alur sistem rel panduan, dan terdapat dua yang mewakili, satu dipanggil jenis Gedai (jenis gerbang runcing), bentuknya ialah sambungan separuh-bulatan, dan titik hubungan ialah puncak; yang lain ialah Satu adalah bentuk arka bulat, yang juga boleh memainkan peranan yang sama. Tidak kira apa jenis struktur, hanya ada satu tujuan, dan berusaha untuk mempunyai lebih banyak sentuhan jejari bola keluli bergolek dengan rel panduan (elemen tetap). Faktor yang menentukan ciri prestasi sistem ialah: bagaimana elemen bergolek menghubungi rel panduan, yang merupakan kunci kepada masalah.
